The Juridical Aspects of Overcoming Legacy of Dictatorship: Italian Experience
Abstract
Purpose of the work is a study in transition from dictatorship of Mussolini to constitutional democracy in Italy in 1940s. The article is fulfilled on the basis of combination of chronological, comparative and system methods of scholar research. It is emphasized that the transition mentioned took place in quite unfavorable historical situation on World War II, foreign occupation of most country and post-war distemper. Author explores political and juridical achievements of Italian non-fascist, then anti-fascist Temporary government, analyzes scrupulously its legal acts aimed at eliminating dictatorial legacies and restoring constitutionalism. The article contains an evaluation of repressions against leaders and supporters of dictatorial rule in the process of liberating country. Also author proposes to look at key aspects of changing institutions of traditional dualistic monarchy for democratic republic, too. Author puts high marks to Italian lawyers, army officers, politicians and common people for the transition, more fruitful in comparison with German one. He proposes to see fundamental reasons of successful antidictatorial renovation of Italian state and society in the developed legal heritage of Roman-German law and in the loyal cooperation of non-fascist sociopolitical forces from Monarchists to Anarchists within temporary government and beyond it.
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