Development of Administrative Proceedings and Administrative Justice in Russia
Abstract
The paper presents historical aspect of the development of elements of administrative justice in Russia. A wide historical period is studied beginning with the pre-revolutionary era and ending with the present stage. Besides, the paper analyzes historical and legal documents on the issues under consideration to generalize. The author points out that Russia has a rich experience of the institute of administrative justice. The history of the development of domestic legislation administrative proceedings and administrative justice can help in reforming the modern legislation in this area as mistakes of the past must not be forgotten and repeated in the future. The institutes of administrative proceedings and administrative judgment are analyzed from its origins throughout centuries. The path of the system presents relevance as it identifies landmarks such as Law books of Ivan III (1497) and of Ivan IV (1550) (the beginnings of complaint procedure), Council Code (1649) (liability for violating the petition proceeding) to the era of Peter the Great reforms and the reign of Catherine II (modern principles of submitting complaints against an official to a superior body), great reforms of Alexander II and of his monarchs successors (administrative proceedings), Rules of administrative courts (1917), the great disturbances of October 1917 and the development of a new legal system (new detailed regulation of appellate proceeding, formation of theoretical fundamentals of claim as of an administrative law category) and modern conditions. The history of the institute of administrative justice in Russia shows an important fact, i.e. no single view has existed on single, common or generalizing attitude to its nature. No legal definitions of the major concepts exist, in particular administrative process, administrative and jurisdiction case, administrative dispute, administrative justice, administrative judgment proceedings etc. The same relates to the subject matter and scope of the area.
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