BRICS is one of the most significant geopolitical events of the early XXI century. It plays a significant andever-growing role in world politics and international relations. BRICS member countries have decided to useconjoint approaches to solve the most important problems in the development of medium-sized enterprisesand competition policy.For this reason this article is devoted to the questions relevant to the notions “unfair competition,”“competition”and its correlation, distinguish with the contiguous notions. In the literature are deduced the different characteristicsof unfair competition such as acts aiming to obtain advantages through entrepreneurial activity,incursion and potential losses for entities — (competitors), arising as a result of said acts.It is set out special features of the legal regulation the competition and the struggle against unfair competitionby the laws of the Russian Federation. For instance, it includes some provisions common for bothinstitutions of protection against unfair competition and protection against monopoly activity.It also describes different patterns of the competition law, for example, American and European, which aretraditionally distinguished in the scientific legal literature. Russian lawmakers on the whole have adoptedthe European system of antitrust regulation (the restriction and control of monopoly activity). However, theRussian legal regulatory system against unfair competition has its specific features. In particular, it is basedon the plurality of resources that have different legal validity and are linked to different branches of lawMoreover, this article is considered the problems of protection against acts of unfair competition are widelycovered in the legal practice, classification of legal protection forms (factual and juridical, jurisdictional andnot jurisdictional, public and private, etc.).