Doctrinal Acts as the Main Instrument of Legal Policy
Abstract
Legal policy is considered in the article as an instrument for ensuring systematic and effective development of the legal system in the information society. To build up the legal policy of modern Russia one must, firstly, define its priorities, and, secondly, ensure the legal policy with the relevant means. With regard to the problem of the content of modern legal policy, the authors propose their methodology of the research: through the identification of priorities of legal policy and dividing the latter into meaningful and instrumental ones. We prove the thesis that instrumental priorities, in particular, the formation of special tools of legal policy activities, are nowadays of paramount importance for the formation and implementation of effective legal policy of the state as a whole. With regard to the problem of legal policy, the authors justify the need for distinguishing a special group of legal acts — doctrinal legal instruments designed to ensure the formation and development of the legal policy as a form of state activity. Doctrinal acts can reflect scientific, strategic and targeted character of legal policy, but at the same time they require formal inclusion into the system of legal acts of the state and giving them legal force and legal significance. In recent years, political (political and program) acts are actively used in the Russian legal system; however, they have neither a clear understanding in legal theory nor a clear legal regulation. Researchers often do not recognize their legal nature, considering them as political instruments. The modern theory of legal acts must be based on a “broad” approach to legal acts' understanding, which involves the recognition of acts in various forms (not only written ones) as legal acts and by various actors (including individuals). Following this approach, the doctrinal documents become part of the system of legal acts. All elements of the system of legal acts must have certain legal and technical characteristics and fulfill specific functions in legal regulation. The authors of the article offer their own concept and characteristics of legal acts in order to explore the specific doctrinal acts on this basis. The paper considers the problems of legal regulation of doctrinal legal acts, examines the features of legal nature of these groups of acts, and their relationship with other legal acts.
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