Nonphysical Violence in Criminal Law: Definition and Signs
Abstract
The article is devoted to research of criminal law and other branches of law problems related to regulation of certain types of violence. Current definition «mental violence», «psychological violence» and others do not have a single content and are not explained in the current legislation. The urgency of the issue is also due to the fact that according to statistics the share of violent crimes is traditionally high, even considering their latency.The authors determined the aim of the study as development of definition of certain types of violence oriented on further implementation into the criminal legislation. During the research the dialectical method of cognition was as methodological basis. Were used such methods as comparative legal method, formal legal method, and method of content analysis, which contributed to the realization of scientific interest. The article presents a study of foreign experience of regulation of this institution in such countries as Great Britain, Canada, Israel and others. The positions of authoritative figures of science are analyzed, and that allowed to reflect their advantages, shortcomings and an absence of any general approach to determining the content of the phenomenon under exploration. Two main scholars positions have been singled out, according to which the definition “psychic violence” is revealed depending on the object of encroachment or on the method of encroachment. The study of judicial and investigative practice also revealed problems of application of norms, related to certain types of violence. In the sentences of courts, the term “mental violence” is used, but in a different semantic meaning. On the basis of analysis the authors concluded that current definitions do not correspond to the nature and essence of certain types of violence. Thereby the authors offer a completely new definition — «Nonphysical violence». The advantage of the definition is that it meets the requirements of legal technique as well as the coverage of all criminal law values of this type. Besides, conclusions of the article include the content of signs of nonphysical violence (object of infringement, ways of infringement, violent character, intent character and wrongfulness), and formulation of recommendations for the further use of the definition.
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