General Description of Electronic Information on Criminal Cases in the Framework Of International Cooperation
Abstract
The article is devoted to theoretical and legal research of such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as “electronic information”. The aim is to determine the concept, legal nature and types of such information in the context of the criminal process. The analysis used materialistic dialectics, legal hermeneutics (legal exegesis), special legal, comparative legal methods, sociological and linguistic approach (component analysis of lexical meanings and analysis of translation transformations), as well as the forecasting method. In the course of the study, it was shown that in the legislation, doctrine and law enforcement practice, there is no and still has not formed a unified approach to understanding electronic information in criminal cases. This is due to the fact that it is often compared with electronic evidence, while ignoring its criminal procedural nature. The author comes to conclusion that there is no legal legislative definition of the concept of “electronic evidence” and the possibility of operating with the term “electronic information” today, taking into account its cross-sectoral purpose, accordingly, an appropriate definition of this concept is proposed. In addition, an attempt was made to determine the types of electronic information on criminal cases, including those requested within the framework of international cooperation in the field of criminal justice, namely, the provision of mutual legal assistance, thereby such information takes on a supranational connotation. The works of both domestic and foreign lawyers served as a theoretical basis for the study, and among the regulatory framework, both international documents and the national legislation of the Russian Federation and a number of foreign countries were identified. It is also important to use in this manuscript as an empirical basis for research the materials of some criminal cases in which the phenomenon of “electronic information” appeared, as well as the information contained in the Practical Guide on the procedure for requesting electronic evidence from other countries jointly prepared by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, the UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate and the International Association of Prosecutors in collaboration with EuroMed Justice and Euromed Police programs.
References
Bauer F.L., Gooz G. (1990) Computer science. Introductory course. Moscow: Mir, 336 p. (In Russ.).
Balakshin V.S. (2002) Evidence in Russian criminal procedure: concept, essence, classification. Ekaterinburg: Ural State Law Academy, 112 p. (In Russ.).
Balakshin V.S. (2004) Evidence in theory and practice of criminal procedural proof. Ekaterinburg: Ural University, 298 p. (In Russ.).
Borisov A.B. (2010) Big law dictionary. Moscow: Knizhnyi mir, 848 p. (In Russ.).
Burnham U. (2006) US legal system. Moscow: Novaya justitsia, 1216 p. (In Russ.).
Davletov A.A. (1991) Basics of criminal procedural knowledge. Sverdlovsk: University, 152 p. (In Russ.).
Dorokhov V. Ia. (1964) The concept of evidence in Soviet criminal procedure. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet State and Law, no. 9, pp. 108-117. (In Russ.).
Golovko L.V. (2019) Digitalization in Criminal Procedure: Local Optimization or Global Revolution? Vestnik ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti = Herald of Economic Security, no. 1, pp. 22-25. (In Russ.).
Idowu S., Capaldi N., Zu L., Gupta A.D. (2013) Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility.
Ivanov N.A. (2013) Digital information in criminal proceedings. Biblioteka kriminalista = Library of Criminalist, no. 5, pp. 93-102. (In Russ.).
Karas' I.Z. (1990) Economic and legal regime of information resources. Pravo i informatika = Law and Informatics, no. 2, pp. 40-59. (In Russ.).
Kasatkin A.V. (1997) Collecting and using computer information in the investigation of crimes. Candidate of Juridical Sciences Thesis. Moscow, 215 p. (In Russ.).
Kerr O.S. (2005) Digital Evidence and the New Criminal Procedures. Columbia Law Review, vol. 105, pp. 279-318.
Krylov V.V. (1997) Information computer crimes. Moscow: Norma, 285 p. (In Russ.).
Kushnirenko S.P. (2006) Digital information as an independent object of forensic research. Vestnik kriminalistiki = Herald of Criminaltics, no. 2, pp. 43-47. (In Russ.).
Kuvychkov S.I. (2016). Use of information presented in electronic form in proving in criminal cases. Candidate of Juridical Sciences Thesis. Nizhny Novgorod, 273 p. (In Russ.).
L'ianov M.M. (2020) Modern classification of virtual traces. Sibirskie ugolovno-protsessual'nye i kriminalisticheskie chteniia = Siberian Criminalistics Transactions, no. 4, pp. 47-55 (In Russ.).
Malov A.A. (2018) Obtaining electronic evidence from foreign jurisdictions (United States as a case). Zakonnost' = Legality, no. 9, pp. 56-60. (In Russ.).
Maslov A.V., Soskova K.A. (2017) Electronic information as evidence in criminal cases. Tsentral'nyi nauchnyi vestnik = Central Scholar Herald, no. 11, pp. 57-59. (In Russ.).
Mason S. (2014) Electronic evidence: dealing with encrypted data and understanding software, logic and proof. Journal of the Academy of European Law, vol. 15, pp. 25-36.
Meshcheriakov V.A. (2004) Electronic digital objects in criminal procedure and forensic science. Voronezhskie kriminalisticheskie chteniia = Voronezh Criminalistics Transactions, no. 5, pp. 153-169. (In Russ.).
Meshcheriakov V.A. (2002) Computer information crimes: theory and practice of investigation. Voronezh: University, 407 p. (In Russ.).
Moussa A.F. (2021) Electronic evidence and its authenticity in forensic evidence. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 1-20.
Okonenko R.I. (2016). Electronic evidence and ensuring rights of citizens to protect private life in criminal proceedings: a comparative analysis. Candidate of Juridical Sciences Thesis. Moscow, 158 p. (In Russ.).
Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N. Yu. (2006) Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Moscow: Temp, 944 p. (In Russ.).
Polianskii N.N. (1946) Evidence in foreign criminal proceedings: modern issues and trends. Moscow: Yuridicheskoe izdatelstvo, 142 p. (in Russian).
Polonskii V.M. (1999) Conceptual and terminological apparatus of pedagogy. Pedagogika = Pedology, no. 8, pp. 16-24. (In Russ.).
Pitstsi U. (2019) Litigation Without Truth: Why Our Criminal Trial System Has Become a Costly Error and What We Need to Do to Rebuild It. Moscow: Infotropik Media, 280 p. (In Russ.).
Popov L.L. et al. (2010) Information Law. Moscow: Norma, 495 p. (In Russ.).
Raenko S.I. (2013) Building information society. Nauka i sovremennost' = Science and Modernity, no 20, pp. 189-194. (In Russ.).
Reshetnikova I.V. (1997) The law of evidence in England and the USA. Ekaterinburg: Ural State Law Academy, 237 p. (In Russ.).
Rothstein P.F., Raeder M.S., Crump D. (2012) Evidence in a Nutshell: State and Federal Rules. Minnesota: West Publishing Company, 816 p.
Salinovskii K.V., Markelova G. Uu. (2001) Evidence-based value of electronic information in the Russian criminal process. Rossiiskii sledovatel' = Russian Investigator, no. 6, pp. 18-19. (In Russ.).
Shaidullina E.D., Shmeleva O.G. (2018) Legislative consolidation of the seizure of electronic correspondence in criminal proceedings. Vestnik Dal'nevostochnogo iuridicheskogo instituta MVD = Herald of Far Eastern Law Internal Ministry Institute, no. 2, pp. 44-49. (In Russ.).
Smushkin A.B. (2012) Virtual traces in forensics. Zakonnost' = Legality, no. 8, pp. 4348 (In Russ.).
Sheifer S.A. (2001) Investigation. System and procedure. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 208 p. (In Russ.).
Sokolov Yu. N. (2010) Information technologies in criminal proceedings. Ekaterinburg: Telekommunikatsionnoe pravo, 418 p. (In Russ.).
Stel'makh V. Yu. (2021) The need to change the design of investigative actions aimed at obtaining information transmitted by means of communication. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD = Herald of Peterburg University of Internal Ministry, no. 1, pp. 146-155. (In Russ.).
Strogovich M.S. (1986) Soviet criminal procedure. Moscow: Nauka, 470 p. (In Russ.).
Ursul A.D. (1975) Information in modern science. Philosophical essays. Moscow: Nauka, 287 p. (In Russ.).
Vasiukov V.F. (2016) Some issues of conducting investigative actions aimed at detecting, fixing and seizure of electronic messages transmitted through mobile subscriber devices of cellular communication. Rossiiskii sledovatel' = Russian Investigator, no. 23, pp. 15-18. (In Russ.).
Vasiukov V.F. (2020) Theoretical and legal aspects of crime investigation using subscriber information. Orel: Kartush, 339 p. (In Russ.).
Vladimirov L.E. (2000) Doctrine of criminal evidence. Tula: Avtograf. 464 p. (In Russ.).
Vorozhbit S.P. (2011) Electronic means of evidence in civil and arbitration proceedings. Candidate of Juridical Sciences Thesis. Saint Petersburg, 235 p. (In Russ.).
Volevodz A.G. (2002) Countering computer crimes: legal framework for international cooperation. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 485 p. (In Russ.).
Vyshinskii A.Ya. (1941) Theory of forensic evidence in Soviet law. Moscow: Yuridicheskoe izdatelstvo, 248 p. (In Russ.).
Walker C. (2001) Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers and the Internet. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, vol. 3, pp. 87-88.
Zaitsev O.A. (2019) Using electronic information as evidence in a criminal case: a comparative analysis of foreign legislation. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya = Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law, no. 4, pp. 42-57. (In Russ.).
Zazulin A.I. (2018) Legal and methodological foundations for using digital information as proof in a criminal case. Candidate of Juridical Sciences Thesis. Ekaterinburg, 251 p. (In Russ.).
Zhdanko A.V. (2013) Introduction to General Historiology. Saint Petersburg: Aleteiya, 277 p. (In Russ.).
Zigura N.A. (2010) Computer Information as a type of evidence in criminal procedure in Russia. Candidate of Juridical Sciences Thesis. Chelyabinsk, 234 p. (In Russ.).
Zigura N.A., Kudriavtseva A.V. (2011) Computer information as a type of evidence in the criminal process of Russia. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 176 p. (In Russ.).
Copyright (c) 2021 Law Journal of the Higher School of Economics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
