Development of Legal Fiction in Modern Age
Abstract
The paper is devoted to research of the problems related to the development in Modern Age a unique legal phenomenon, i.e. legal fiction which was applied when other norms failed to regulate public relations to eliminate drawbacks and ambiguity. The nature of fiction is in an ad hoc statement to be recognized as valid and vice versa. This area has been drawing attention of both legal academics and practicing lawyers since ancient times. Fictions applied in Ancient Roman law, in the Middle Ages. A special significance of legal fictions was noted by C.F. Savigny, an outstanding representative of the Historical School of Law, as he studied the set of fictions both as a special tool to regulate public relations and a consistent legal theory. In Modern Age, it was dubbed the theory of a legal person. The paper analyzes the ideas and conclusions of the scholar who has allowed modern researchers and practicing lawyers to see the positive influence of the theory of fictions both on the development of legislation, legal practice, legal education and experience a pivotal role and diversity and the relevance of the phenomenon of fiction in the theory of law. Besides, the article has studied contrasting views of the theory of fictions by the representatives of different legal schools: Germanists, Romanists etc., who though having opposed Savigny's theory of legal fiction recognized somehow in their opinions the fact that the legal person is an illusory subject of law. The paper is also studying the attitudes of Russian civilists to the fiction. The complex analysis of scientific views of the phenomenon of fiction in law has let make up the idea of the process of the development of legal fiction in the epoch of Modern Age.
References
Baron Yu. (1909) Sistema rimskogo grazhdanskogo prava [System of Roman Civil Law]. Saint Petersburg: Izdanie N.K. Martynova, 305 p.
Bartoshek M. (1989) Rimskoe pravo: ponyatie, terminy, opredeleniya [Roman Law: Concept, Terms, definitions]. Moscow, Yuridicheskaya literatura, 448 p.
Dormidontov G.F. (1905) Klassifikatsiya yavleniy yuridicheskogo byta, otnosimykh k sluchayam primeneniya fiktsiy [Classification of the concepts of Law Related to Applying Fiction]. Kazan', Tipografiya Imperatorskogo Universiteta.
Grazhdanskie zakony (Svod Zakonov, tom X, chast' I) s razyasneniyami ikh po resheniyam Pravitel'stvuyushchego Senata (1870) [Civil Laws (Laws. Vol. X)]. Saint Petersburg, Tipografiya Yu. A. Bokrama.
Engibaryan R.V., Tadevosyan E.V. (2000) Konstitutsionnoe pravo: Uchebnik [Constitutional Law. Textbook]. Moscow, Yurist, 492 p.
Engibaryan R.V.. Krasnov Yu.K. (1999) Teoriya gosudarstva i prava: Uchebnoe posobie [Theory of State and Law. Manual]. Moscow, Yurist, 576 p.
Gulyaev A.M. (1913) Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo [Russian Civil Law]. Saint Petersburg, Tipografiya M.M. Stasyulevitcha.
Iering R. (1905) Yuridicheskaya tekhnika [Legal Technique]. Saint Petersburg.
Khvostov V.M. (1996) Sistema rimskogo prava. Uchebnik [System of Roman Law. Textbook]. Moscow, Spark, 522 p.
Nersesyants V.S. (ed.) (1999) Istoriya politicheskikh i pravovykh ucheniy: Uchebnik dlya vuzov [History of Political and Legal Theories]. Moscow, Norma-Infra, 944 p.
Man'kovskiy I.A. (2010) Teorii sushchnosti yuridicheskogo litsa: istoriya razvitiya i sovremennye nauchnye podkhody [Theories of Legal Person: Development and Modern Scientific Approaches]. Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal, no 4, pp. 117-126.
Men G.S. (1873) Drevnee pravo, ego svyaz' s drevney istoriey obshchestva i ego otnoshenie k noveyshim ideyam [Ancient Law, its association with Ancient History and the attitude to New Ideas]. Saint Petersburg, D.E. Kozhachnikov, 320 p.
Meyer D.I. (1854) O yuridicheskikh vymyslakh i predpolozheniyakh. O skrytykh i protivorechivykh deystviyakh [On Legal Fictions and suggestions, on hidden Sham Actions]. Kazan', Kazanskiy Universitet, 127 p.
Meyer D.I. (1864) Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo, chteniya [Rusian Civil Law]. Saint Petersburg, N. Tiblen and C, 789 p.
Meyer D.I. (2003) O yuridicheskikh vymyslakh i predpolozheniyakh, o skrytnykh i pritvornykh deystviyakh [On Legal Fictions and suggestions, on hidden Sham Actions] Moscow, YurInfoR.
Mozolin V.P. (2008) Sovremennaya doktrina i grazhdanskoe zakonodatel'stvo [Modern Doctrine of Civil Legislation]. Moscow, Yustitsinform, 127 p.
Monastyrskaya Yu.I. (2011) Znachenie kriteriya kontrolya pri opredelenii natsional'nosti yuridicheskogo litsa [Meaning of the Control Criterion determining the nationality of a legal Person]. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava, no 4, pp. 114-121.
Muromtsev S.A. (1883) Grazhdanskoe pravo drevnego Rima [Civil Law of Ancient Rome]. Saint Petersburg.
Muromtsev S. (1885) O konservatizme rimskoy yurisprudentsii. [On Conservative Roman Jurisprudence]. Moscow, Tipografiya Mamontova.
Muromtsev S.A. (1886) Obrazovanie prava po ucheniyam nem. Yurisprudentsii [Law on German Legal Theories]. Moscow, Tipografiya Mamontova.
Muromtsev S.A. (1877) Ocherki obshchey teorii grazhdanskogo prava [Essays on General Theory of Civil Law]. Moscow, 321 p.
Novgorodtsev P.I. (1896) Istoricheskaya shkola yuristov [Historical School of Jurists]. Moscow, Universitetskaya Tipografiya.
Novgorodtsev P.I. (1999) Istoricheskaya shkola yuristov [Historical School of Jurists]. Saint Petersburg: Lan', 192 p.
Savin'i F.K. (1876) Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo [Law of Obligations]. Moscow, Tipografiya A.V. Kudryavtsevoy.
Shershenevich G.F. (2001) Kurs grazhdanskogo prava [Course of Civil Law]. Tula, Avtograf, 720 p.
Sinayskiy V.I. (2002) Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo [Russian Civil Law]. Moscow, Statut, 638 p.
Sukhanov E.A. (ed.) (1993) Grazhdanskoe pravo: V 2-kh tt. Uchebnik [Civil Law: in Two Volumes. Vol. 1. Textbook]. Moscow, NORMA-INFRA, 236 p.
Suvorov N.S. (2000) Ob yuridicheskikh litsakh po rimskomu pravu [On Legal Entities under Roman Law]. Moscow, Statut, 299 p.
Tanimov O.V., Krapivina O.N., Malkina M.I. (2002) Teoriya fiktsiy K.F. Savin'i [F. C. Savigny's Fiction Theory]. Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta (Nauchno-publitsisticheskiy zhurnal). Saransk, no 1-2, pp. 54-58.
Tanimov O.V. (2011) Fiktsiya kak regulyator otnosheniy v khristianstve [Fiction as an Index of Relations in Christianity]. Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo, no 12, pp. 87-91.
Yavorskaya Yu.V. (2010) Yuridicheskie litsa: zakonodatel'nye novatsii teorii i sudebnoy praktiki v sovremennoy Rossii [Legal Persons. Legislative Novations in Judicial Practice in Modern Russia]. Rossiyskiy sud'ya, no 3, pp. 11-16.
Copyright (c) 2014 Law Journal of the Higher School of Economics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
