Social Determinancy of Criminal Legal Protection of Public Relations Connected to Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
This article addresses a theme of the social justification for criminal law protection of public relations associated with creation, dissemination, and use of artificial intelligence technologies. The aim of the author is to assess advisability of criminalizing acts committed using intelligent systems or directed against them, and to develop a concept for optimizing criminal law based on the criteria of social necessity. The paper demonstrates the high social value of public relations related to artificial intelligence, which is integrated into key spheres of public life. Acts both utilizing AI and targeting it possess significant social danger, characterized by substantial harmful potential, scalability, and high latency. The impossibility of countering such acts without criminal law measures is substantiated. A steady trend of increasing prevalence of these acts is noted. The current norms of the Russian Federation Criminal Code do not fully encompass specific methods of infringement, such as adversarial attacks and training sabotage, indicating the insufficiency of existing countermeasures. The existence of a public demand for establishing and enhancing criminal law protection is proven through references to sociological surveys, official documents, published interviews, and other theoretical works. Based on the analysis, the study concludes that the criminal law protection of the relations in question is socially justified. Proposed directions for legislative improvement include introducing qualifying features covering the use of AI technologies into relevant criminal statutes. The necessity of criminalizing the creation of AI for criminal purposes, as well as the improper creation or training of intelligent systems resulting in grave consequences (subject to comprehensive legal regulation), is argued. The work also justifies expanding Chapter 28 of the Criminal Code RF by incorporating special offenses directly protecting artificial intelligence, since certain methods of infringement fall outside the scope of Articles 272-274.2. It is proposed to amend the title of Chapter 28 of the Criminal Code RF to reflect artificial intelligence as a phenomenon distinct from all other computer programs.
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