Conflict of Law Regulation of Marital and Family Relations in International Private Law in Russia
Abstract
Russian conflict of law rules determining choice of law applicable to marital relations related to foreign legislations came into force in 1995 and in force for 20 years. Within Russian legal doctrine the area has been researched in detail. Nevertheless, the analysis of conflict of law rules specified in the Family Code of Russian Federation remains relevant due to a large-scale reform of the norms of international private law in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the trends which are present in legislative regulation of international family relations in other countries. Chapter 7 of the Family Code The Application of Family Legislation to Family Relations with the Participation of Foreign Citizens and Persons without Citizenship provides a detailed system of rules determining competent law to regulate majour family relations. Most connecting factors are of bilateral nature and provides for the application of foreign laws. However, for the past 20 years international family relations experienced new regulation, which is evident in national codifications of International private law and in the European Union law. The current legislator extends the limits of autonomy of the parties in marital relations on the choice of applicable law, sets special connecting factors as to cohabitation and partnership, fixes detailed and differentiated choice of law rule. The paper concludes that Russian conflict of laws on international marital relations approved more than two decades ago requires significant update. The update is relevant to maximum transparency of volumes of conflict of law rules to make a more differentiated approach to marital relations, more detailed and arranged in categories connecting factors targeting the most correct determining the law, closest to the relation and making a decision optimally meeting specific circumstances of cases, broadening the possibility of the choice of applicable law by the parties on the issues of dissolution of marriage and family property relations. All the problems concerning children applying law the most favourable for child should dominate in conflict of laws doctrine in such circumstances.
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