Targeted Social Aid: History, Modernity, Perspectives
Abstract
Targeted social support as a kind of state social assistance represents an academic and practical interest, especially in terms of addressing Russian and foreign experience. The interest is determined on the one hand by the recent changes in legal regulation as to the large scale social assistance to low-income citizens, on the other hand, a serious need to intensify tackling poverty. Unstable material condition of citizens and limited state funds make the state create new opportunities to modernize the current system of rendering social assistance to low-income citizens which are regarded as poor in Russia. In the modern conditions, determining the level of poverty which is formally considered as a ground to get a social support is a relevant but not sufficient element of targeted social assistance and does not reflect the principle of addressed allowance. This type of assistance is available for a wide range of people, which does not strengthen the mechanism of tackling poverty and efficient distribution of material resources. In this regard, the authors express the opinion on the necessity to apply the foreign experience to determine the approaches in terms of providing social assistance to the poor. The research arrives at the conclusion that the current Russian practice of rendering targeted social support to the poor, which is based on the principles of social contract, is far from being perfect due to two interrelated causes. First, there is a necessity to assess objectively the number of the potential participants of the targeted aid program participants with who social contracts are to be made. Secondly, the social contract as a form of providing targeted social support is still not absolutely available in terms of the availability of information. The authors argue that an important step in solving this problem will be a single register of the recipients of the measures of social support to identify, inform and register the most needy citizens.
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