Consolidation in the Law of Quantitative Parameters Cost Criteria of Crimes in Sphere of Economic Activity: Regularities and Calculation Methods
Abstract
In Russia, there is no uniform concept of criminal policy in economy, which affected the structures of the corpus delicti (chapter 22), a certain part of these corpus delicti has disadvantages in determining the consequences and scope of illegal activities. Such consequences are defined in the law as large and especially large damage, the income and the scale. The article presents the results of the study of criminalization of crimes in the sphere of economic activity on the large and especially large damage, the income and the scale, laws of development of quantitative parameters of the cost criteria of these categories of acts. The analysis of alternative methods of calculation of these cost criteria enabled to distinguish three main approaches: 1) orientation to basic indicators of the minimum income level of the population; 2) calculation, proceeding from the scale of a large damage of theft; 3) determination of the amount of damage from average scale, proceeding from judicial and investigative practice. There exist other approaches to determining quantitative parameters of large and especially large damage, the income and the scale in relation to concrete criminal and legal regulations in the field of economic activity. They are separate methods of calculation, without any single concept. Since there is no methodology for calculating such indicators, the question of the validity of the choice by the legislator of quantitative parameters as criteria for assessing large and particularly large damage (income, scale), determining the “threshold” of criminal liability and its differentiation remains controversial. The authors propose to consider the economic proportionality of the quantitative parameters of large and especially large damage, income and the size of criminal activity in the economy by groups of crimes as the most fair and reasonable approach to determining the cost criteria of these compositions of crimes. This depends on the type of protected area of social relations (direct object of the crime) and the main economic indicators of economic entities: trade turnover, profitability, pricing or financial and economic condition.
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