Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: National and Regional Dimensions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2017.2.200.222Keywords:
international private law, international civil procedure, recognition and enforcement, foreign judgments, court addressed, court of origin, exequatur, public orderAbstract
The paper considers the issues of recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments at national and regional levels of legal regulation. The aim of the research is to study certain aspects of recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments including categories of foreign judgments which are subject to recognition and enforcement, procedure of recognition and enforcement, grounds for the refusal of recognition and enforcement. It is scrutinized national legislation represented by the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 2002 and the Civil Procedure Code of the Kyrgyz Republic of 2017; international treaties of regional character (e.g. Minsk convention on legal assistance and legal relations in civil, matrimonial and criminal matters of 1993; Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters of 2007) and legal documents of international organizations (e.g. EU Regulation № 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters of 2012. Applying the comparative research method, the authors came to the conclusion that foreign judgments subject to recognition and enforcement are strictly defined in national legislation than in certain international treaties of regional character and EU regulations. The procedure of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments has been evolving from exequatur issued by court addressed (in national legislation and certain international treaties of regional character) to its abolishing in certain international treaties of regional character and EC regulations. The grounds for the refusal of recognition and enforcement are strictly limited and include undue service of documents instituting the proceedings on the defendant not enabling the person to arrange defence; the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given between the same parties, on the same subject matter rendered by the court in the state addressed or in another country; if the recognition and enforcement are manifestly contrary to public order in the state addressed.
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