The article discusses the situation surrounding the criminalization of fraud in the field of enterprise. The author notes the social significance of entrepreneurial activity and arising associated risks including those ensuing from failure to fulfil contractual obligations, the threat and acuteness of risks posed by fraudulent encroachments on property and its investment appeal; the author emphasizes the obligation of the state to implement measures aimed at minimizing entrepreneurial risks, stimulating good faith relations between property and enterprise, ensuring protection of property rights inter alia through the instrument of criminal law, the legal norms of which must preclude unjustified criminal prosecution and act as a powerful factor inhibiting encroachment on property and the legitimate interests of entrepreneurs, serve as one of the means of ensuring legal protection for conscientious entrepreneurs and investors, and not demonstrate loyalty to criminal business. The author bases his discourse on the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, expressed in its Resolution dated December 11, 2014 № 32-П “Apropos the Revision of the Constitutional Provisions of Article 159-4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation pursuant to the inquiry of the Salekhard City Court of the Yamalo-Nenetsk Autonomous National District.”